Scientists have simulated Martian and lunar conditions in the lab, exposing Earth microbes to radiation, dehydration, and freezing. Remarkably, some yeasts and extremophiles showed surprising resilience, outperforming bacteria. The study also noted structural changes in human pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, potentially impacting immune detection, though infectivity remains unknown. These findings offer insights into life’s adaptability and planetary protection challenges for future space exploration.
